You may need a German exam as a prerequisite to matriculation at a German university. Maybe you want to live and work in Germany or even obtain German citizenship. Or, like me, you may simply appreciate the value of exams in providing focus and a medium-term goal to work towards.
A certificate can be a great objective yardstick of your attainments so far. You may be confused, though by the bewildering array of German exams on offer. If you’re asking yourself “Which German exam is best for me?”, you’re in the right place to get your initial questions answered. Update this post.
In this survey post, I’ll show you the range of German exams available and some of the pros and cons of each one. And, if you started German a while ago and are looking to move from the ranks of “upper beginner” (A2) to “intermediate” (B1) have a look at my other post on what the difference is and what you need to get there.
Also, if you’re serious about getting from upper beginner, A2 German into the ranks of the intermediate learner, check my “Into Intermediate German” Focus for Fluency programme. Enrolment is currently closed so make sure you’re signed up to the free Howtogetfluent Email Club (sign-up box at the very bottom of this post) to be first to hear about the next round. In the meantime, you’ll get my free “Language Learner Pro” methods training course…direct to your inbox.
The focus in the post below is on adults undertaking study outside a university (or people preparing towards a university application). The post is currently very Germany-centric. I hope to expand it later to cover Austria and Switzerland. There are lots of links below to help you find where to look for further information. I’ve put a lot of research to get the information right but you should always re-check (and check for subsequent changes) with an official source.
Goethe-Institut German exams
The Goethe-Institut which was established in 1951 and it has its HQ in Munich. It is an independent non-profit organisation (eV) which is funded by grants from the German state and also by the fees from its own courses and examinations. I’m a Goethe-Institut fan. When I was an intermediate German learner I did a two-month summer course at the Goethe-Institut in Schwäbisch Hall and two years ago, when I decided to start actively working on my German again, taking the Goethe advanced “C1 level” exam was an obvious initial goal to set.
What levels?
There are six levels, which follow the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficiency/mastery). At A1 to B2 there are separate also exams for 10 to 16 year-olds.
Approach and content
The adult exams all consist of four parts: reading, writing, speaking and listening. The length and complexity of each part obviously increases as you move up through the levels. The focus is on general language including, as you progress to the higher levels, discussion of topics of general interest. For more details on the content at each level, start here. B1 and C2 are “modular”. You have to get at least 60% in each module. At A2, B2 and C1 you have to get at least 45% in the three “written” papers combined (listening, reading, writing) and at least 15% in the speaking. At A1 you have to get at least 35% in the three “written” exams before you can move on to the oral. B2 is going modular in 2019 so the requirements may change. As always be sure to check the latest on the Goethe website.
Where and when can you take the exams?
The Goethe-Institut has a worldwide network of 159 Institutes in 98 countries. There are six in the United States (Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, NYC and Washington DC, three in Canada (Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto) and two in Australia (Melbourne and Sydney) for example and two in the UK (London and Glasgow).
In areas where there is no local Institut, it also partners with established educational institutions (such as universities and commercial language schools) that meet its standards and where the exam can be taken. There are no additional partners listed on the website for the UK, but there are for the US, Canada and Australia.
When the exam can be taken depends on the timetable of the local Institut or other provider. In London, for example, the exams are available less frequently than in many of the GIs in Germany itself. So, check your chosen location on-line. The fees also vary from country to country. You can retake the whole exam as many times as you want. For the B1 and C2 exams, individual modules may be retaken an unlimited number of times. The B2 exam is “going modular” in 2019.
What are the Goethe-Institut German exam certificates valid for?
Goethe German exam certificates, once issued, do not expire.
The A1 certificate is meets the requirement for visas for spouses wishing to join their husband or wife in Germany. The B1 certificate is accepted as the minimum for citizenship.
The B1 certificate enables admission to one of the year-long Studienkolleg preparation to study any discipline at a German university. Check out my posts on what you need to do to get from A2 to B1 German skills here.
The Goethe C2 certificate or “Großes Deutsche Sprachdiplom” is recognised by all German higher education institutions as evidence of the language competence required for university entrance.
You may also hear reference to the Zentrale Oberstufenprüfung (ZOP) and the Kleine Deutsche Sprachdiplom (KDS). There were abolished when the The GDS was revamped in 2012. The ZOP, KDS and old-style GDS are still valid to satisfy university language requirements. Some institutions accept the Goethe C1 or even the B2 certificate. The Institut has produced a useful overview .pdf. For more info on German language requirements for university matriculation in Germany there is a useful overview website (not from the Goethe-Intsitut) at sprachnachweis.de. Also, check individual university websites: for example Heidelberg university.
Verdict:
To my mind, with the Goethe-Institut brand signifies quality and the exams seem best for wordwide recognition. They are not the cheapest option but I look on that as the flip-side of the quality. There is a wealth of further information on the Goethe-Institute website, including sample papers (with audio files and videos of the speaking part of the exam). This is certainly my exam board of choice.
Telc Exams
Telc stands for “The European Language Certificates”. Telc is a non-profit company (gemeinnützige GmbH) based in Frankfurt-am-Main and belonging to the German Adult Education Association. The exam begin in 1968 as the VHS Certificate. Although telc started with German there are now exams in nine other languages as well.
What levels?
The CEFR levels are used. For German, in addition to the general adult exams, there are also separate exams at various levels focussing language in the workplace, medicine and carers, for university admission and for migrants. In addition to the general C1 exam, there is one aimed specifically at university entrants (“telc C1 Hochschule”). There are also exams aimed at children.
Approach and content
The approach and feel of the tecl general exams seems very similar what you get with from the Goethe-Institut. The general telc German exams for adults consist of four modules (reading, writing, listening, speaking) with the length of time for each part increasing as you move up the scale. There is an additional vocab and grammar section in the B1 and B2 exams. The oral exam is in a small group (except at C2 level). Like the Goethe exams, the emphasis is on everyday language, with the range of topics becoming wider and more sophisticated – but still mainstream – as you progress up the levels. You have to pass all four sections.
Where and when can you take the Telc German exams?
There are over two thousand test centres in over 20 countries (including in community colleges and in commercial language schools). The fees are set by each centre. If you fail you can retake as often as you want. At A1 and A2, you have to retake the whole exam. At the B and C levels, if you pass the oral but fail the “written” part overall (i.e. writing, listening, reading and (at B1, B2) the grammar test), you have to retake the whole written part. If you fail the oral you do not have to retake the “written” part. The certificate is valid for an unlimited period.
What are Telc German certificates valid for?
The general telc B1 certificate (known as the Zertifikat Deutsch) is recognised as proof of sufficient language competence for a German citizenship application. Check out my post comparing German upper beginner (A2) with lower intermediate (B1), where I explore what the difference is and what you need to get there. Telc Deutsch C1 Hochschule is recognised by members of the German Rectors’ and Cultural Ministers’ Conference as proof of the level of German needed to matriculate at university. Many Austrian and Swiss universities also accept telc as proof of the level of German needed to matriculate at a university.
Verdict:
Telc seems to be well-known in Germany and are well-respected exams. However, telc is less widely known abroad, especially outside Europe. There are three exam centres listed for the UK on the website none of which I had ever heard of (which, of course, should not be held against them (!). It is not clear whether they just offer the telc exams in English. There is no US, Canadian, Australian or NZ centre listed. Tecl has produced an overview of the exams (including FAQs and practice materials) which you can find here.
TestDaF (formally Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache)
This exam is organised by the TestDaF-Institut, which is supported by the Hochschulrektorkonferenz, (Council of Higher Education Institutions), the DAAD and the Goethe-Institut. The exam has been running since 2001. The TestDAF was developed specifically as an exam for foreign students wanting to study in German universities and needed to provide evidence of their language competence.
What levels?
There is one exam, but the mark shows you are at one of three levels “Niveaustuefe” 3 to 5 (which correspond to CEFR B2-C1 and have also been developed with reference to the levels set by the Association of Language Testers in Europe). There is an online placement test on the TestDaF website which will help you assess your current level and whether you will need additional work to be in with a good chance of passing.
Approach and content
The exam covers reading, writing, listening, speaking. The focus is on using the language in the context of higher education. For a descriptive breakdown of the abilities required for each level, check here. The oral exam is based on recordings and your answers are recorded. Unlike the DHS (see below), there is no specific grammar test. The subjects and tasks therefore reflect what students need to do when studying other subjects at this level through the medium of German. There are model papers (Modellsätze) and sample tests (Musterprüfungen) on the TestDaF website.
Where and when can you take the TestDAF?
At licensed test centres in around 100 countries and at one of over 170 test centres in Germany. The test centres are usually universities, the local DAAD office or Geothe Institut (with which TestDAF co-operates closely). In Germany the test is also offered at Volkshochschüle adult eduction centres or private language schools. The exam runs six times a year with the same dates worldwide (in China: different dates and just three times a year). You do not need to be a university applicant to take it. Everybody has takes the same questions/tasks and it is marked centrally. It takes six to eight weeks for you to get the results. You can re-sit as often as you like. The fee varies from country to country.
What’s it good for?
The certificate is valid for an unlimited period. The certificate shows your results in each sub-test as well as your overall result. Level 4 in all four sub-tests is sufficient to meet the language requirements of all universities in Germany. Some admit applicants with a lower score. Each paper is graded some universities require a certain grade in all parts of the exam while some just count the total mark.
Verdict:
This exam is a specialist test, only really of interest if you need to prove your level for university matriculation. It is also potentially useful for students and academic who want to prove their competence in German at home, in advance of an academic visit to Germany or at the end of a study-abroad period in a German university (as a visiting student rather than fully matriculated). As noted above, the higher Goethe-Institut and telc certificates are universally recognised, though, so why would you bother with TestDAF (or the alternative DSH exam, discussed below). The answer is that you may prefer content more narrowly focussed. Also, as against telc, you will often be able to take the exam at a Goethe-Institut or elsewhere (without having to travel to Germany). For more info, check the website. TestDAF has also produced an overview video:
DSH Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang
The DSH is organised by each individual university within an overarching framework “Rahmenordnung für die DSH” Fassung vom 8. Juni 2004). This means that there is quite a bit of variation in the rules (as you will see in the summary below). Most, but not all German universities offer the exam. I took this exam at Heidelberg University years ago in order to matriculate there (then it was called the “Prüfung zum Nachweis deutscher Sprachkenntnisse” (PNDS)).
What levels?
There is one exam level but three grades (see below). Many universities require you to already have a C1 certificate from another body BEFORE you can sit the exam (!).
Approach and content
A “written examination” which, besides writing, covers listening and reading comprehension and a grammar section. A German-German dictionary is often allowed. The “Hörtext” is read out (50 to 100 lines) and you have to answer comprehension checking questions/reproduce the text. The emphasis is on testing comprehension not on linguistic accuracy (so the exam is very much focussed on your practical ability to follow lectures). You have to pass the written examination to take the oral. The oral lasts 20 minutes. The levels correspond broadly to TestDaF 3 to 5 (so B2 to C2) According to the DSH central website you get DSH-1 for a mark between 57-67%, DSH-2: 67-81%. DSH-3: >82%. As a legal draftsman, the obvious question for me is where 67 is in band 1 or 2 and what would happen if you get 82. Pedantic? Moi? If you get one in one paper and two or three in the other, you get one overall. If you get 2 for the written paper and 3 for speaking, you get 2 overall. If 3 for written and 2 for speaking, your total is only 3. Check out the weighting table in the Q&A section of the website.
Where and when can you take the DHS German exam?
Some colleges and universities require you already to have a study place on your subject course before you can take the DSH. Others run and “open” DHS exam. The exam is usually held before the beginning of the semester. Some universities run it twice a year, others – four times. Some institutions charge, others do not. Those that do set their own fees, usually between 708 and 150 euros. Some limit the number of retakes and require a time gap between them, others have no such restrictions.
What is the DSH German language certificate valid for?
Level 1 enables you to matriculate provided you take additional language classes and retake the exam. Otherwise, it only admits you to courses which are taught bilingually (usually German and English) and for some technical subjects. For most courses of study DHS2 is the minimum requirement. In a few institutions medine or dentistry require DHS3. With the exception of the University of Stuttgart, your results from one institution’s DHS will be accepted by other institutions which are in the Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (notwithstanding the variations in the exam from institution to institution).
Verdict:
If you want exam content which focussed on the sort of language needed to study through the medium of German, it’s a choice between the DSH and the TestDAF (see above). While TestDAF can be taken elsewhere, for the DSH you’ll have to come to your chosen destination. This could either be an inconvenience, or a great way to start getting into university life, depending on your perspective. There is more info on the dsh website and from the individual HE institutions. Check this out carefully if you’re considering the DSH, given that the detail of the exam varies from place to place.
Other German exams you may hear about
The Deutsches Sprachdiplom (level II) of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs (Kultusministerkonferenz der Länder). This is an exam only offered to children at participating secondary schools, of which there are more than 11,000 worldwide. These were traditionally outside Germany but the exams are now sometimes offered in the country as well. There are two levels of the exam. Level 1 is recognised proof of adequate knowledge of German for admission to a Studienkolleg (year-long university preparation course in Germany with a focus on language and knowledge about German society and culture). Level 2 proves that you have adequate knowledge of the language to study at university (but always check with your university of choice). For more information check here.
The German Test for Immigrants “DTZ” (“Deutschtest für Zuwanderer) was developed by telc GmbH with the Goethe Institut for the German government. Telc also developed a test for teh Austrian Integration Fund (ÖIF). There is only one exam. If you are graded at A2 it is considered a pass but you have the option to extend the course to reach B1. There’s a brief overview on the Goethe-Institut website and more detail on the German Ministry for Immigration and Refugees website.
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That, then, is the field. Have I missed any exams out? I hope that his survey has helped you to find your bearings. Don’t forget to check for the latest information on the relevant websites. Have you any experience of any of these exams and, if you’ve taken one or are planning to, what has influenced your choice? Let me know in the comments below or drop me an email! Check out my general series on exams: Post 1: Foreign language exams for adult learners: for and against Post 2: How to pass a foreign language exam Post 3: Ten brilliant ways to beat exam nerves
Crushing B1 German with Dr Popkins’ “Into Intermediate German” Focus for Fluency Programme
If you’re serious about getting from upper beginner, A2 German into the ranks of the intermediate learner, you’ll want to take a closer look at my “Into Intermediate German” Focus for Fluency programme.
Enrolment is currently closed, so make sure you’re signed up to the free Howtogetfluent Email Club (sign-up box below) to be first to hear about the next round. In the meantime, you’ll get my free “Language Learner Pro” methods training course…direct to your inbox.
In “Into Intermediate German”, it’s you who has to do the work, but this is may way of helping you make sure that you do it right. I’ll be leading a group of learners on a nine-week journey.
I’ve partnered with some great native-speaker teachers to create interesting and realistic conversational materials (text, audio, exercises). They’ll be at just the right level so you don’t feel overwhelmed as you acquire masses of new vocab and learn and practice new structures.
There are to-the-point, jargon-free explanations of key new structures and phrases and a simple and incredibly effective “brain-savvy” interactive study routine that you can apply.
Add to that live one-to-one Skye mentoring sessions from me and my unlimited personal one-to-one email support….and a lively online community discussion forum for you and your fellow participants.
To be the first to hear about the next round, make sure you sign up to the Howtogetfluent Email club below.
Los geht’s!
Dear Dr Gareth Popkins,
My name is Maiutto Stefano and I’m going to take the test to get the “Zertikat Deutsch”.
For this reason I found your web page very interesting where it lists the different types of the “German language exam”.
The reason is essentially to get better job opportunities and, moreover, I have read on several sites that B1 is the minimum level accepted by potential employers.
I am writing to ask you kindly which of the following two types of linguistic certificate you think is best from a business point of view:
– Goethe certificate B1
– telc Deutsch B1
Thanks in advance.
Sincerely,
Stefano Maiutto
Gruesse Stefano! Apologies for not replying to your comment earlier. I somehow overlooked it. I don’t really think it matters which of the two qualifications you take (unless you have a particular employer or sector in mind and they have specified their requirements). However, telc has the B1+ Beruf exam as well, which might be just what you’re looking for: https://www.telc.net/pruefungsteilnehmende/sprachpruefungen/pruefungen/detail/telc-deutsch-b1-beruf.html How is your preparation going? You will see that I have recently posted three articles about B1 German. I hope you find them useful. Viel Erfolg!
you left out the ÖSD.
yes, Jarrod, I need to cover that one too. Thanks.
Hello! I found your post very interesting.
Which one would you recommend in order of difficulty:
B2 Göethe Certificate
Test DaF niveau 3.
Im looking forward to prepare one of the two mentioned asap, and instead of learning hoch deutsch, I really need to approve one of those exams to get a visa type.
thx in advance! nico
Hi Nicolas, I can’t really add much to what I’ve said in the article – TestDaF is more narrowly focussed. You can see the CEFR scale equivalents here: https://www.testdaf.de/fuer-hochschulen/niveaustufenvergleich/ Check carefully what/which exam is required for your visa and look carefully at the requirements for the different exams and then pick one and go with it. Viel Erfolg!
Hello Gareth, Dawson from the USA here. I lived in Germany September 2017- July 2018 as a foreign exchange student near Stuttgart. I would like to study in Germany pursuing a career as a translator, or anywhere whee I can speak multiple languages. I am able to take the upcoming test from Goethe Institut Zertifikat C2 near me (10 hour drive), but I would prefer to take the TestDaf because it is more specifically focused on foreigners coming to Germany to study. The TestDaf location is too far away from me, and I will be in Denmark on November 5 (all locations booked out). Therefore, I am sticking to Goethe C2 test in San Francisco. If I took the C2 test and somehow performed poorly, would I receive a certificate for C1 since it is lower on the scale? Or would I walk away with nothing? I need to start applying to Universities in November so if I fail, that will cost me dearly because I will be in Germany until December 15, close to when the application window closes. I don’t know what to do at this point.
Thank you
Mit Freundlichen Grüßen,
Dawson
Gruesse Dawson! You should check with the Goethe Institut, but my understanding is that if you fail C2, you won’t get C1. If you fail C1, you have to retake the whole thing. If you fail C2, what it seems you can do is retake one “module”. Looking at the regs, they describe the C2 (and B1) exams as “modular” whereas the other levels are not. See para. 15: https://www.goethe.de/pro/relaunch/prf/en/Pruefungsordnung.pdf BTW I have an interview with Karen on the site who works as a German translator and may be useful for you from a career perspective. Viel Erfolg!
Dear Dr Gareth Popkins,
My name is Devarsh and I’m confused about a thing. Please guide me…
I am interested in getting informed about Telc C1 Hochschule Examination.
The results for my exam would come at the end of this month for my FIRST ATTEMPT and I have to submit a certificate in October to the University so its very urgent to know. I appeared for Telc C1 Hochschule examination a couple of weeks ago and I think that I may clear the Speaking part and not the writing part. Now, I am thinking to appear again for the exam to be safe (SECOND ATTEMPT).
What happens if I clear the Speaking part and fail the writing part at my FIRST attempt to the examination and clear the writing part and fail the Speaking part at my SECOND attempt. Like, I will be having 2 marksheets in that case stating I didn’t clear Writing part for the first time and I didn’t clear Speaking in the second time. However, I would have cleared the important Parts.
I would definitely try my best to score as much as I could but what if something wrong happens under pressure? I think it’s always best to be informed. Please, could you guide me with your precious time and concern about the consequences in this situation? I hope you understand what I am trying to say.
Will it be accepted? Like, on the marksheets it would say Pass/ Fail but Can I submit both the marksheets and will the University accept it?
Also, I found your web page very interesting as it lists the different types of the “German language exam”.
Thanks in advance.
Sincerely,
Devarsh B
Hi Devarsh! It says on the TELC site that you can redo the part you fail: “Sie können die Prüfung wiederholen, sooft Sie möchten. Falls Sie nur die mündliche oder nur die schriftliche Prüfung nicht bestanden haben, brauchen Sie nicht die gesamte Prüfung zu wiederholen. Genaueres dazu finden Sie in § 5 der Prüfungsordnung” “https://www.telc.net/pruefungsteilnehmende/sprachpruefungen/pruefungen/detail/telc-deutsch-c1-hochschule.html#t=3 but if you can’t wait for your first set of results before you retake BOTH, I’m not sure what would happen. Have a good look through the regs and see if that scenario is covered. There’s also a “Kontakt” form on the TELC site, so you could ask them the question. Let me know what they say! Viel Erfolg!
I went to the Goethe to take the A2. It was an organizational disaster.
Reading: 4 big tests and only 40 minutes. Answer options can match more than one, but you have to choose one. Tasks for information analysis of the read, not just by context. You have to do it in super speed mode.
But they also give 40 minutes for writing two short sms and letters, where 15 minutes would be enough. Probably they forgot to put full tasks. They couldn’t give so much time for 2 sms.
Listening: They said that the record will be repeated 2 times, but did not say that only the first(!), the shortest. All the other records: the schedule, planning, they just flew by and immediately moved on to another one.
Conversation: Everything here was great, positive, scored almost maximum points.
In the end, he scored 27 points out of 100, 23 of which were conversations.
I asked my teacher about using some words, she said that these revolutions are used in B2 and C1.
Overlall, for whom these tests were made I do not know.
I just want now to telc to go for to compare how it is different.
Thanks for sharing your insider experience, Sergei. I’m sorry it was such an organisational disaster. Let me know how the TELC goes. Are you doing A2 on that, too? By the way, I have a B1 course, just opened yesterday (more info via the resources section on the website here or email me). Viel Erfolg!
Hi Gareth,
I am planning to place my son (15 years old) in a Football Academy Programme in Germany. During this full year programme (9 months). he will be attenting an intensive German Course in order to in the end try to pass the langauge text and get accepted in the secondary public school (Abitur) in Germany. So he will lossing one academic school year just to learn Germen iinnitially. Currently he has minimum or no german language knowledge.
In order to be accepted in the public school (Abitur), what level of Germen is he supposed to pass, is it C1 or below?
Also, how feasable do you think it can be for him to pass the exam (and then entry a public school) based on above information provided.
thanks so much for the help.
Ardi
I’m not sure about the high school requirements, Ardi, and they may vary from region to region (as education, as I recall, is run mainly at the “Laender” (state) level in Germany, not by the Federal government. The Football Academy Programme should be able to advise you or point you in the direction of the relevant authorities. Obviously, to sit the Abitur, you need to have an advanced command of German as the exam is aimed at native German high school students and it very demanding even for them. That said, they take the exam aged 18 or 19, I think, and by that stage, your son would have been operating on a daily basis in German for several years. As a separate point, I think learning German intensively for a year (presumably in addition to the football training) is a great way for your son to acquire the language. In my opinion, it would be much better in UK schools if pupils dropped everything else for several months intensive in a language and then went back to a normal timetable but with one or two other subjects taught through the target language…But that’s a whole different topic. Let me know how this develops.